Human Rights: Philosophical Essence and Research Methodology
Abstract
Abstract. The article solves a number of problems that serve to substantiate the philosophical concept of human rights. It is assumed that the awareness of the philosophical essence of human rights will contribute to their proper implementation. This determines the relevance of the article. The goal is to clarify the possibilities of scientific approaches and methods of researching the philosophy of human rights and conceptualize this philosophical and legal category. Methodological basis: phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches; methods of theoretical and empirical, formal and logical, systems analysis. Conclusions: human rights as a philosophical category are ethical, ontological and normative boundaries that protect the freedom, dignity and value of the individual, while proceeding from the traditions of natural law and ensuring social justice and sustainable development of the individual and society. Each individual approach or method of researching human rights does not provide a complete description of this complex phenomenon. Accordingly, the most effective is a synthetic approach, which is based on a combination of different methodologies and allows us to consider human rights as a specific philosophical and legal category. The scientific novelty lies in explaining the essence of human rights on the basis of harmonizing the fundamentalist and functionalist approaches in their understanding, identifying the practical benefits of substantiated techniques and methods of scientific research of the philosophy of human rights, which contributes to a person’s awareness of the true essence of their rights, their connection with duties and influences people’s behavior. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that by realizing the essence of human rights in connection with duties, one can comprehend the meaning of their implementation and predict the consequences, which means influencing human behavior, thereby preventing offenses and crime.
Keywords: anthropology; ontology; axiology; freedom; humanism; legal positivism; natural law.
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